Talk:How to build a lazy portfolio

I think that "Slice and dice" should be used where possible, as "Slice and dice" is a term I commonly see in the forum. "Multifactor" is correct, but it might not be recognized. Consider that Slice and dice does not contain any mention of a "multifactor portfolio," except as a reference to multifactor investing.

On the spelling of "multifactor," I see it with and without the hyphen (multi-factor). For investing, I think "multifactor" is more appropriate.

I don't think a separate page for new investors is necessary (Total market vs. multifactor approach).

--LadyGeek 20:12, 24 September 2013 (CDT)

Alternate version

 * Alternate version, eliminating choosing funds before choosing asset allocation as implied in present page version.

Once an investor has decided upon an asset allocation plan, the plan must be put into place by selecting funds. This page will address how to use the investment options in employer provided plans in filling these allocations.

The first step when starting an investment program is to choose your asset allocation, basically your allocation to stocks, bonds, and cash. Be sure to consider this in the context of your entire portfolio. When beginning participation in an employer's retirement plan, this means incorporating both the plan investments and your existing investments in your overall allocations. The allocations should reflect your return needs balanced against your tolerance for risk. For most investors this will mean hopefully gaining returns that, in the long run, outpace inflation, while reducing the magnitude of short term investment losses to a level that allows the investor to remain invested without panic selling.

We will illustrate two asset allocation plans using a 60/40 stock to bond allocation:


 * One: A three-fund indexed portfolio;
 * Two: The seven-fund indexed Coffeehouse portfolio.

Three fund portfolio
The three-fund portfolio attempts to simplify the investing process by utilizing three total market index funds holding broadly diversified stock and bond investments. The portfolio is meant to be a buy-hold-and rebalance portfolio. The three asset classes required for this portfolio are listed below:


 * {| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"

! Ranking by Percentage !! Fund !! Percentage
 * + Three-fund portfolio
 * 1 ||align="left"|Total Stock Market Index (US Stocks) ||40%
 * 2 ||align="left"|Total Bond Market Index (US Bonds) || 40%
 * 3 ||align="left"|Total International Stock Index (International Stocks)|| 20%
 * Total|| —||100.0%
 * }
 * 3 ||align="left"|Total International Stock Index (International Stocks)|| 20%
 * Total|| —||100.0%
 * }
 * }

Select whichever asset class indexed funds are available in the employer retirement plan to fill these allocations and use other accounts to fill out the allocation. For example, Forum discussion 401k investment offers the options displayed in the table below. The plan contains Vanguard target retirement funds and standalone fund selections. (Open table to view fund options and expense ratios.)

In this instance, the investor can capture the three fund portfolio by using the fund selections in the table below. Selecting a Vanguard target retirement fund would create a variant of the three-fund portfolio, as the funds' add an international bond index fund to the portfolio. Vanguard target date retirement funds are four-fund portfolios.

Coffeehouse portfolio
The Coffeehouse Portfolio holds seven index funds allocated in a 60% stocks / 40% bonds allocation:

Select whichever asset class indexed funds are available in the employer retirement plan to fill these allocations and use other accounts to fill out the allocation. The following plan contains options that partially fulfill the Coffehouse portfolio allocation. (Open table for a complete listing of fund choices and expense ratios.) The investor could use the following funds:
 * US large cap stocks: SPTN 500 INDEX INST (FXSIX)
 * US small cap stocks: VANG SM CAP IDX INST (VSCIX)
 * US REITS: SPTN REAL ESTATE IDX ADV (FSRVX)
 * International total market: SPTN GLB XUS IDX ADV (FSGDX)
 * Total US bond market: SPTN US BOND IDX ADV (FSITX)

The investor would need to hold US value and US small value stocks in additional accounts.

Employer plan checklist
Many employer plans have many investment options, presenting investors with a long list of unfamiliar names. The following checklist can help you find the offerings that can help fill your desired asset allocations. For our sample portfolios, we would be looking for index funds matching our targeted asset classes.


 * For each item in the plan fund list, find the available asset class exposure that the funds provide and their expense ratios. This information can usually be found in the fund's fact sheets.


 * Look for the major asset class categories, such as US stock, international stock, small cap stocks, value stocks and US bonds. Fixed income (cash reserves) counts as bonds; company stock funds count as stock. Some bond funds may be listed as "inflation protected."


 * Since our desired portfolios are indexed, seek out the plan's index funds, such as the "SSgA S&P 500 Index" fund or "SSgA US Bond Index" (US Bonds) or "SSgA Global Equity Ex US Index" (there may be an alphabet soup of acronyms here, such as MSCI EAFE. The asset allocation information from the fund fact sheet will tell you what this fund is for, i.e. international stock). For an example of a plan with a mixture of index funds and active funds on the plan fund menu, see the fund options in the plan revealed in Any good funds in this list, forum discussion. (Open table to reveal fund options and expense ratios.)


 * Employer provided plans typically contain at least one or two index funds. Some plans may have a brokerage window that provides access to a wider selection of indexed investment options, but be sure to calculate the expected cost of utilizing this service, taking into account all fees that would apply and compare it to the cost of using the fund choices in the qualified plan in order to help guide the decision.


 * The plan may not provide total market index funds. A common example is a plan offering only an S&P 500 index fund. You may need to approximate the total market by using funds that "complete" the S&P 500 index. Similarly, plans often provide international exposure with a developed market index fund, which lacks the emerging market stocks and small cap international stocks included in international total market funds.


 * You can find detailed information on how to approximate total market allocations at:
 * Approximating total stock market
 * Approximating total international stock market


 * The default option for employer provider plans is to place your contributions and employer matches into a target date retirement fund. If you are thinking of using a target date fund be aware that many plans offer retirement date funds that invest in a large number of actively managed funds. You need to carefully check the underlying funds to see if they truly match your desired allocation. . Some plans may provide you with target retirement plans with indexed target date funds. Some of these portfolios can provide you with a variant of the three-fund portfolio. Examples would include plans holding Vanguard target retirement funds and the Thrift Savings Plans target retirement fund series.

401k Choices Seem Expensive, forum discussion reveals a 401-k plan offering only active funds. (Open table to reveal fund options and expense ratios).
 * The plan may only contain actively managed funds. In this circumstance one should select the lowest cost stock funds and highest grade bond funds that approximate the targeted assets classes. For example,

In this instance, an investor could minimize costs and fashion a three fund portfolio of large cap US stocks, developed market international stocks, and an investment grade intermediate bond fund:

Multiple accounts
If you have a partner, a frequently encountered situation is that the investment portfolio is allocated to a multiplicity of accounts. For example, a husband and wife may both have employer provider plans, both have personal retirement plans, both have taxable accounts. This equals six accounts.

Even if you are a single individual, it is possible to accumulate accounts over an investing lifetime. For example an individual might accumulate a current employer provided plan, a rollover IRA holding the assets from a past job's 401-k plan, a Roth IRA, and a taxable account. For guidance on handling these more complex scenarios, see Asset allocation in multiple accounts.