I want to be able to take pictures about this good. The point here is not to humblebrag, but to show, accurately, the level of quality I am getting. How much do I need to spend, and what should I be looking for, to get a camera at least this good? I'm hoping I can spend less than $500 on something that was a top-of-the-line-two-years-ago and not go all the way to the bleeding edge.

I think it has to be Android because of apps I probably want to move, and because I want to be sure it will work with my TracFone account.
The DSC TX-30 has an 18.2 megapixel 1/2.3" sensor. Honestly I find the color and greyscale characteristics to be less than idea, but apart from that it is perfect. What makes it perfect for me is that it is small enough that I always have it with me, and it is amazingly able to capture a very good picture under almost any conditions. Other important characteristics are not much shutter lag. I'm not a Cartier-Bresson, but in Ye Olde Days I was pretty good at timing my shots and my current smartphone is awful--takes forever to autofocus. And I absolutely want a lens that is pretty wide-angle at its widest angle and has a good sweep panorama feature.