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help: investment knowledge gap

 
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sewall



Joined: 15 Mar 2008
Posts: 1340

PostPosted: Tue Jun 16, 2009 9:44 am    Post subject: help: investment knowledge gap Reply with quote

There is a step missing in my (still growing) understanding of investing. I am certain forum participants can help me fill the gap.

Where does portfolio optimization (modern portfolio theory) come into play when one decides one's AA?

I'm not asking how to optimize one's portfolio. I'm asking where that optimization shows up in one's planning. The following should make this more clear.

For example, suppose I've settled on an AA of 50/50 stocks/bonds. The rough guidance one would receive here (and elsewhere) to implement that would be 25% TBM, 25% TIPS, 25% TSM (US), 25% non-US. Within these asset classes, the rough guidance is to select low fee, market cap weighted, index funds. (Yes, yes, we can argue over the percentages and particulars. We can debate tilting, and so forth. But this is roughly in the ballpark of what many would advise and most implement, at least for the bulk of one's investments. If you want, just swap in your own specific AA advice. I think the following questions still apply.)

How do we know such a portfolio is efficient? Where is portfolio optimization? Is it happening behind the scenes somewhere I can't see? Or is it not considered a worthwhile exercise? If not, why not?
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Last edited by sewall on Tue Jun 16, 2009 11:23 am; edited 1 time in total
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pkcrafter



Joined: 04 Mar 2007
Posts: 2985
Location: CA

PostPosted: Tue Jun 16, 2009 10:56 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

I'm sure someone will provide the math needed to do the calculations. I've provided three links. The first may be just more of what you've already know. The second link has up to date correlations, and the third is William Bernstein's website. My input on this is don't get hung-up on correlations. Get into the ballpark and let the ball come to you. In other words, get reasonably close and let the efficient frontier float around your portfolio. Sometimes it will be more optimized than other times, but you won't know until after the fact.

From Bernstein's Efficient Frontier website:
Quote:
However, there is a large and ugly fly in the ointment -- the technique works only in retrospect. It turns out that the outputted portfolio compositions are exquisitely sensitive to even very small changes in the input data. Change a few pieces of the input data slightly and the resultant portfolio compositions change drastically. Since the required input returns, SDs, and correlations are known with precision only in retrospect, mean variance optimization is worthless as a predictor of future optimal portfolios. This is because it is impossible to predict with anywhere near the required accuracy the returns, SDs, and correlations.


http://www.moneychimp.com/arti....ontier.htm

http://www.assetcorrelation.co....lations/90

http://www.efficientfrontier.com/ef/497/mvo.htm




Paul
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sewall



Joined: 15 Mar 2008
Posts: 1340

PostPosted: Tue Jun 16, 2009 11:19 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

pkcrafter-

Thanks for the links. I'm definitely going to put them to use.

From the conclusion of the moneychimp.com article and the Bernstein quote you provide one can draw the following conclusion. Portfolio optimization is a nice mathematical exercise, but it isn't practical, at least not for the typical buy-and-hold investor.

Is that way of thinking a consensus among Bogleheads (or as close to such a thing as we get)? If so, that certainly explains the absence of any explicit optimization in the Boglehead-oriented literature (books we like).
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ddb



Joined: 26 Feb 2007
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PostPosted: Tue Jun 16, 2009 11:20 am    Post subject: Re: help: investment knowledge gap Reply with quote

sewall wrote:
There is a step missing in my (still growing) understanding of investing. I am certain forum participants can help me fill the gap.

Where does portfolio optimization (modern portfolio theory) come into play when one decides one's AA?

For example, suppose I've settled on an AA of 50/50 stocks/bonds. The rough guidance one would receive here (and elsewhere) to implement that would be 25% TBM, 25% TIPS, 25% TSM (US), 25% non-US. Within these asset classes, the rough guidance is to select low fee, market cap weighted, index funds. (Yes, yes, we can argue over the percentages and particulars. We can debate tilting, and so forth. But this is roughly in the ballpark of what many would advise and most implement, at least for the bulk of one's investments. If you want, just swap in your own specific AA advice. I think the following questions still apply.)

How do we know such a portfolio is efficient? Where is portfolio optimization? Is it happening behind the scenes somewhere I can't see? Or is it not considered a worthwhile exercise? If not, why not?


Portfolio optimization is worthwhile if you know the future expected returns and variances of each asset class, and the expected correlations between each asset class. If you don't know all of that information, then it isn't a very useful exercise.

- DDB
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sewall



Joined: 15 Mar 2008
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PostPosted: Tue Jun 16, 2009 11:29 am    Post subject: Re: help: investment knowledge gap Reply with quote

ddb wrote:
Portfolio optimization is worthwhile if you know the future expected returns and variances of each asset class, and the expected correlations between each asset class. If you don't know all of that information, then it isn't a very useful exercise.


It seems we're willing to guess at some of this information, for the purpose of broadly settling one's stock/bond mix. For that one needs to at least have in mind expected returns and, perhaps, volatility.

Correlations are, perhaps, harder to predict with enough accuracy.

This explains the heuristics "we" tend to apply to AA determination.

I wonder what professors of finance who teach portfolio optimization think they're doing? It seems like much of it is not useful. Some of the broad ideas are useful. The actual optimization seems not to be.
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ddb



Joined: 26 Feb 2007
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PostPosted: Tue Jun 16, 2009 11:44 am    Post subject: Re: help: investment knowledge gap Reply with quote

sewall wrote:
ddb wrote:
Portfolio optimization is worthwhile if you know the future expected returns and variances of each asset class, and the expected correlations between each asset class. If you don't know all of that information, then it isn't a very useful exercise.


It seems we're willing to guess at some of this information, for the purpose of broadly settling one's stock/bond mix. For that one needs to at least have in mind expected returns and, perhaps, volatility.

Correlations are, perhaps, harder to predict with enough accuracy.


Right, we make informed guesses based on the relationship between risk and return, and based on correlation estimates derived partly from historical trends, and partly from what logically makes sense. Not a perfect method, but it's the best we can come up with.

Trying for additional precision, IMO, is a waste of time.

- DDB
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Taylor Larimore
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PostPosted: Tue Jun 16, 2009 11:50 am    Post subject: The "optimized" portfolio ? Reply with quote

Seawall:

One of the most valuable attributes of a successful investor is to "know what we don't know."
Who would have optimized a portfolio 10 years ago with 100% long-term Treasury bonds? Not me. And I certainly don't know what will be the "optimized portfolio" 10 years in the future.

My suggestion is to structure a simple low-cost diversified portfolio of stocks and bonds using total market index funds as Mr. Bogle recommends in his Little Book of Common Sense Investing."
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sewall



Joined: 15 Mar 2008
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PostPosted: Tue Jun 16, 2009 1:10 pm    Post subject: Re: The "optimized" portfolio ? Reply with quote

Taylor Larimore wrote:
Seawall:

One of the most valuable attributes of a successful investor is to "know what we don't know."
Who would have optimized a portfolio 10 years ago with 100% long-term Treasury bonds? Not me. And I certainly don't know what will be the "optimized portfolio" 10 years in the future.

My suggestion is to structure a simple low-cost diversified portfolio of stocks and bonds using total market index funds as Mr. Bogle recommends in his Little Book of Common Sense Investing."


And that's what many of us do, including me. I'm satisfied with that approach. I was trying to understand why portfolio optimization is not applied. Now I know. Thanks all.
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