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Thanks for the help so far. There's a lot of info to take in. I will try to read it and understand it on my own.

What affect does capital gains have on your tax bracket? Let's say ordinary income was 50k and capital gains was 50k, is your tax bracket still 25% or now 28%? Because you already pay capital gains when the money is taken out. Your marginal tax rate is computed based on the income other than qualif...

Thanks for input so far.

For the site: http://www.cffpinfo.com/pdfs/2013_Annual_Limits.pdf

What income are these numbers based off? AGI, MAGI, gross? Are all phaseouts using the same metrics? (For instance could be based off of AGI, and another be based off of gross?)

What affect does capital gains have on your tax bracket? Let's say ordinary income was 50k and capital gains was 50k, is your tax bracket still 25% or now 28%? Because you already pay capital gains when the money is taken out.

What are some basic income limits to be aware of for tax purposes? For instance, if selling stock would raise my income to a certain level then I might not be eligible for certain deductions such as student loan interest. Also ate there certain income levels to be aware of just in general?

Good point

Ok thanks. That's unfair if I sell $50k in stock and all of it goes to student loans, I will stay have to pay taxes on long term gains even though it's going directly to pay off debt. Oh well.

If I paid off my entire student loan in full of $50k this year, would any of that be tax deductible? Aside from the interest...

I think you answered my question but used the traditional 401k as the example which was opposite to my question about the Roth, but since it was the opposite it answers the Roth question. That sounds complicated, but basically I was asking about a company sponsored Roth 401k. I was comparing a Roth ...

Comparing a Roth's taxes to a regular 401k, is this true: 1) Paycheck are less 2) End of year tax liability is more For instance, $100 weekly deductions for a Roth would trigger an approximate $30 less paycheck. And tax liability at the end of the year would increase $1,300 assuming a 25% marginal t...

I'm confused though. If Roth deductions are already taxed when the money goes into the account, why would my taxable income still remain the original $50k? Wouldn't that be taxing twice?

For a company 401k, the money is taken out pre-tax and at the end of the year my taxable income is reduced by these deductions. For instance, a salary of $50k with $5k in 401k deductions brings down my taxable income to $45k. However how does this work with a company Roth 401k? I understand that the...

Update: turns out I was right. The dental was not selected as pre-tax but HR said going forward it will be setup that way. The question is if it was setup wrong for past years, does the company have to reissue W2's for previous years so I can collect a proper refund?

My paycheck doesn't have any of that... Oh well

If all these deductions (dental, medical, etc.) have a notation on your paystub saying that they are pre-tax, then you have something to discuss with HR/payroll. As I said before, just because something is deducted from your pay doesn't make it automatically pre-tax. With my employer, one dental pl...

Update:

I checked my paycheck, and dental is listed under the "Deductions" section along with medical, 401k, and vision....

So does this mean this is pre-tax?? That would mean this is indeed a mistake on the W2

Unfortunatly, my HR department is not being cooperative. I only got an answer that that dental is not pre-tax and this doesn't answer the why portion because I believe it's incorrect.

I have a document from the company saying medical, dental, and vision will be taken out bi-weekly on a pre-tax basis. To me that is enough proof. Investor 1, I did not compare pay stubs to W2 yet. But let's say the discrepancy is that my official document from the company says "pre-tax" fo...

My employer issued W2's and I think there is an error on them. Box 1 is supposed to contain gross income minus voluntary deductions such as 401k, medical, vision, and dental. 401k, medical, and vision deductions were subtracted from gross income and that is what's in Box 1, however the dental deduct...